Hindiston bosh markazlari uchun batafsil nashrlar
Tarix va tarix
Hindistonning bosh peni Flying Eagle tsentini almashtirish uchun yaratilgan, chunki AQSh mintasining Flying Eagle centiga teng darajada urishayotgani muammosi bor edi. Mint direktori Jeyms Ross Snoudenning rahbarligi ostida Jeyms B. Longacre o'zgarishni rejalashtirgan. Orqa dizayni nisbatan bir xil bo'lib qolgan, oldingi esa Lady Libertyning allegorik shakli bilan almashtirilib, u Hindiston boshini kiyib olgan.
Longacre birinchi marta 1854 dollarlik oltin parcha bo'yicha bu allegorik figura g'oyasini qo'llagan.
Birinchidan, Longacre o'zining kichkina qizi Sara'ni o'yinchoq Hind urushi bilan o'ynayotganida model sifatida ishlatgan. Biroq, numizmatik tadqiqotchilar Longacre'in, bu dizayni birinchi marta 1854 yilda bir dollar oltin parcha sifatida ishlatilishidan 10 yil oldin Hindiston bosh kiyimini kiygan oq ayolning eskizchisida juda ko'p turli xil chizmalarga ega ekanligini aniqladilar. Bu qizining tug'ilishidan oldin bo'lgani uchun, u hech qachon uning uchun namuna bo'lishi mumkin emas edi.
Orqaga dizayni avvalgi Flying Eaglega o'xshash edi. Birinchi yili (1859) teskari, ONE CENT so'zlari atrofida dafna gulchambar qo'ydi. 1860-yilda orqa tarafdagi gulchambar gulchambarning tepasida Union Shild bilan eman barglaridan tayyorlangan gulchambarga almashtirildi.
Ichki urush davrida xom ashyoning ko'tarilishi sababli, kompozitsion 1864 yilgacha mis va nikeldan bronza qotishma aralashmasidan almashtirildi.
Bundan tashqari, vazn 4,67 grammdan 3,11 grammgacha kamaytirildi. Ushbu tsentlarning ishlab chiqarilishi 1909 yilgacha davom etib, tug'ilgan kunining 100 yilligini nishonlagan Linkoln tsentiga almashtirildi.
Tangalar qiymati va narxi:
Tuxum raqamlari
Quyidagi jadvalda yalpiz ishlab chiqarish ko'rsatkichlari ko'rsatilgan.
Mumkin bo'lgan joylarda, ish tashlash turi bo'yicha ish stavkalari qayd etiladi. Ishlab chiqarish ko'rsatkichlari "kamdan-kam hollarda" juda yaxshi ko'rsatkich bo'lishiga qaramay, ular 100% aniq emas. Kamdan kam holatlarda o'lim ko'rsatkichi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri bog'liqdir. Boshqacha qilib aytganda, muayyan bir yil, mintak va xilma-xil turdagi qancha tangalar eritilib, yo'q qilinib, muomaladan olib tashlangan.
| Yil | Mint | Mint markasi | Tuxum | Eslatmalar |
| Orqaga : Laurel gulchastasi, yo'q kalkulyator Tarkibi : mis-nikel | ||||
| 1859 | Filadelfiya | 36,400,000 | ||
| 1859 isbot | Filadelfiya | 800 | ||
| Orqaga : Laurel gulchastasi, yo'q kalkulyator Tarkibi : mis-nikel | ||||
| 1860 | Filadelfiya | 20,566,000 | ||
| 1860 | Filadelfiya | 1000 kishi | ||
| 1861 | Filadelfiya | 10,100,000 | ||
| 1861 | Filadelfiya | 1000 kishi | ||
| 1862 | Filadelfiya | 28,075,000 | ||
| 1862 yil | Filadelfiya | 550 | ||
| 1863 yil | Filadelfiya | 49,840,000 | ||
| 1863 ta tasdiq | Filadelfiya | 460 | ||
| 1864 | Filadelfiya | 13,740,000 | ||
| 1864 isbot | Filadelfiya | 370 | ||
| Tarkibi : bronza | ||||
| 1864 | Filadelfiya | 39,233,714 | ||
| 1864 isbot | Filadelfiya | 150 | Ipda "L" yo'q | |
| 1864 isbot | Filadelfiya | 20 | Ip ustida "L" | |
| 1865 yil | Filadelfiya | 35,429,300 | ||
| 1865 yil | Filadelfiya | 500 | ||
| 1866 | Filadelfiya | 9,826,500 | ||
| 1866 | Filadelfiya | 725 | ||
| 1867 | Filadelfiya | 9,821,000 | ||
| 1867 | Filadelfiya | 625 | ||
| 1868 | Filadelfiya | 10,266,500 | ||
| 1868 yil | Filadelfiya | 600 | ||
| 1869 | Filadelfiya | 6,420,000 | ||
| 1869 isbot | Filadelfiya | 600 | ||
| Yil | Mint | Mint markasi | Tuxum | Eslatmalar |
| 1870 | Filadelfiya | 5,275,000 | ||
| 1870 | Filadelfiya | 1000 kishi | ||
| 1871 | Filadelfiya | 3,929,500 | ||
| 1871 | Filadelfiya | 960 | ||
| 1872 yil | Filadelfiya | 4,042,000 | ||
| 1872 yil | Filadelfiya | 950 | ||
| 1873 yil | Filadelfiya | 11,676,500 | ||
| 1873 yil | Filadelfiya | 1,100 | ||
| 1874 yil | Filadelfiya | 14,187,500 | ||
| 1874 yil | Filadelfiya | 700 | ||
| 1875 | Filadelfiya | 13,528,000 | ||
| 1875 | Filadelfiya | 700 | ||
| 1876 | Filadelfiya | 7,944,000 | ||
| 1876 | Filadelfiya | 1,150 | ||
| 1877 | Filadelfiya | 852,500 | ||
| 1877 yil | Filadelfiya | 900 | ||
| 1878 | Filadelfiya | 5,797,500 | ||
| 1878 yil | Filadelfiya | 2.350 | ||
| 1879 | Filadelfiya | 16,228,000 | ||
| 1879 | Filadelfiya | 3,200 | ||
| 1880 | Filadelfiya | 38,961,000 | ||
| 1880 | Filadelfiya | 3,955 | ||
| 1881 | Filadelfiya | 39,208,000 | ||
| 1881 isbot | Filadelfiya | 3,575 | ||
| 1882 | Filadelfiya | 38,578,000 | ||
| 1882 isbot | Filadelfiya | 3,100 | ||
| Yil | Mint | Mint markasi | Tuxum | Eslatmalar |
| 1883 yil | Filadelfiya | 45,591,500 | ||
| 1883 yil | Filadelfiya | 6,609 | ||
| 1884 | Filadelfiya | 23,257,800 | ||
| 1884 | Filadelfiya | 3,942 | ||
| 1885 | Filadelfiya | 11,761,600 | ||
| 1885 yil | Filadelfiya | 3,790 | ||
| 1886 | Filadelfiya | 17,650,000 | ||
| 1886 isbot | Filadelfiya | 4,290 | ||
| 1887 yil | Filadelfiya | 45,223,500 | ||
| 1887 yil | Filadelfiya | 2,690 | ||
| 1888 | Filadelfiya | 37,489,800 | ||
| 1888 | Filadelfiya | 4.582 | ||
| 1889 | Filadelfiya | 48,866,000 | ||
| 1889 | Filadelfiya | 3,336 | ||
| 1890 yil | Filadelfiya | 2,740 | ||
| 1891 yil | Filadelfiya | 2.350 | ||
| 1892 yil | Filadelfiya | 37,647,100 | ||
| 1892 isbot | Filadelfiya | 2.745 | ||
| 1893 yil | Filadelfiya | 46,640,000 | ||
| 1893 yil | Filadelfiya | 2,195 | ||
| 1894 | Filadelfiya | 16,749,500 | ||
| 1894 ta tasdiq | Filadelfiya | 2,632 | ||
| 1895 | Filadelfiya | 38,341,600 | ||
| 1895 yil | Filadelfiya | 2,062 | ||
| Yil | Mint | Mint markasi | Tuxum | Eslatmalar |
| 1896 | Filadelfiya | 39,055,400 | ||
| 1896 yil | Filadelfiya | 1.862 | ||
| 1897 yil | Filadelfiya | 50,464,400 | ||
| 1897 | Filadelfiya | 1.938 | ||
| 1898 yil | Filadelfiya | 49,821,300 | ||
| 1898 isbot | Filadelfiya | 1.795 | ||
| 1899 | Filadelfiya | 53,598,000 | ||
| 1899 | Filadelfiya | 2,031 | ||
| 1900 yil | Filadelfiya | 66,821,300 | ||
| 1900 yil | Filadelfiya | 2,262 | ||
| 1901 | Filadelfiya | 79,609,200 | ||
| 1901 yil | Filadelfiya | 1.985 | ||
| 1902 | Filadelfiya | 87,374,700 | ||
| 1902 isbot | Filadelfiya | 2,018 | ||
| 1903 | Filadelfiya | 85,092,700 | ||
| 1903 yil | Filadelfiya | 1.790 | ||
| 1904 | Filadelfiya | 61,326,200 | ||
| 1904 yil | Filadelfiya | 1.817 | ||
| 1905 yil | Filadelfiya | 80,717,000 | ||
| 1905 yil | Filadelfiya | 2,152 | ||
| 1906 | Filadelfiya | 96,020,500 | ||
| 1906 yil | Filadelfiya | 1.752 | ||
| 1907 | Filadelfiya | 108,137,000 | ||
| 1907 yil | Filadelfiya | 1.475 | ||
| 1908 yil | Filadelfiya | 32,326,400 | ||
| 1908 yil | Filadelfiya | 1.620 | ||
| 1908 yil | San-Fransisko | S | 1,115,000 | |
| 1909 | Filadelfiya | 14,368,500 | ||
| 1909 yil | Filadelfiya | 2,175 | ||
| 1909 | San-Fransisko | S | 309,000 | |
Hindistonlik Penny (Hindistonda)
- Walter Breenning AQSh va Kolonial pullarning to'liq entsiklopediyasi ; Valter Breen; Nashriyotchi: Doubleday; 1 nashr (1988 yil 1 may); ISBN-13: 978-0385142076
Narxlarni solishtiring - Noyob o'lim turlari uchun Cherrypickers qo'llanmasi, 5-nashr, 1-jildi ; Fivaz, Bill va JT Stanton; Nashriyotchi: Whitman Publishing, Atlanta (2009); ISBN-13: 978-0794822859
Narxlarni solishtiring - Flying Eagle & Indian Cents ; Qor, Richard; Eagle Eye Press; 1992 yil
- Flying Eagle & Indian Head Cents yo'riqnomasi ; Qor, Richard; Whitman Publishing, Atlanta; 2009 yil; ISBN-10: 0794828310; ISBN-13: 978-0794828318
Narxlarni solishtiring - The Flying Eagle and the Indian Cent Attribution Guide The Hardcover - Unabridged, 2014 by Richard E. Snow; Eagle Eye Rare Coins, Inc .; 3-nashr (2014) Til: Ingliz ISBN-10: 9703750699 ISBN-13: 978-9703750696
Narxlarni solishtiring
- Flying Eagle & Indian Cent Attribution Guide 1859-1869 ; Qor, Richard; Eagle Eye Rare Coins; Tucson, AZ; 2005 yil; Miqdor: B000VK2IAY
- Flying Eagle & Indian Centre Attribution Guide 1870-1889 ; Qor, Richard; Eagle Eye Nadir Coins Tucson, AZ; 2007 yil; ASIN: B000VK7PP2
- Flying Eagle & Indian Cent Attribution Guide 1890-1909 ; Qor, Richard; Eagle Eye Nadir Coins Tucson, AZ; 2009 yil; ISBN-10: 0970375050; ISBN-13: 978-0970375056
- Qabul qiluvchilarni va Ishqibozlar uchun qo'llanma ; David Beers; Bowers va Merena Gallereyalari (1996); ISBN-10: 0943161681; ISBN-13: 978-0943161686
Narxlarni solishtiring - Flying Eagle & Indian Cents ; Qor, Richard; Eagle Eye Press; Birinchi bosma nashr; 1992; Miqdor: B0006OXI2W
- Finders hisobotida: tanlangan noyob uchib ketadigan burgut va hindistonlik kentga oid turli navlarga keng ko'lamli qo'llanma ; Larri R Stiv; Nuvista Press; 1-nashr (1995); ISBN-10: 0964585022; ISBN-13: 978-0964585027
Narxlarni solishtiring
Ogohlantirish xabarnomasi